Els espermatozoides s\u00f3n unes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules molt especialitzades del nostre cos encarregades de portar el missatge gen\u00e8tic a la descend\u00e8ncia en unir-se a l’\u00f2vul femen\u00ed. Aquest ha de ser un proc\u00e9s molt regulat per aconseguir l’evoluci\u00f3 d’un embri\u00f3 sa i mantenir els patrons d’expressi\u00f3 propis de la nostra esp\u00e8cie. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals de l’home han de tenir un epigenoma altament espec\u00edfic per desenvolupar aquesta funci\u00f3 i molt diferent al de la resta de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i teixits de l’organisme.<\/p>\n
L’equip dirigit per Manel Esteller, director del programa d’Epigen\u00e8tica i Biologia del C\u00e0ncer de l’Institut d’Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), professor de Gen\u00e8tica de la Universitat de Barcelona i investigador ICREA, ha elaborat el primer mapa epigen\u00e8tic de l’ADN dels espermatozoides humans i dels seus possibles alteracions en malalties. La recerca ha estat realitzada conjuntament amb els investigadors Sara Larriba, del grup de Gen\u00e8tica Molecular de la Infertilitat Masculina de l\u2019IDIBELL, Llu\u00eds Bassas, del Servei d\u2019Andrologia de la Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert, i Csilla Krausz, de la Universitat de Flor\u00e8ncia i Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert. La troballa s’ha publicada simult\u00e0niament aquesta setmana en dos articles cient\u00edfics a la revista PLOS One.<\/p>\n
L’equip d’investigaci\u00f3 va estudiar mig mili\u00f3 de punts de metilaci\u00f3 de l’ADN, el senyal epigen\u00e8tic m\u00e9s conegut, en espermatozoides de donants sans. Van trobar difer\u00e8ncies entre les marques epigen\u00e8tiques presents en els espermatozoides de diferents individus que podria contribuir a la variabilitat de la poblaci\u00f3, \u00e9s a dir, que tots siguem diferents entre nosaltres. “El m\u00e9s curi\u00f3s es que no tots els espermatozoides d’un mateix individu s\u00f3n epigen\u00e8ticament iguals, el que contribueix a explicar per qu\u00e8 tots els germans nascuts dels mateixos pares no s\u00f3n id\u00e8ntics entre si”, comenta Esteller sobre el resultat dels estudis publicats.<\/p>\n
A m\u00e9s, l’epigenoma de l’espermatozoide \u00e9s radicalment diferent del de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules no reproductores. Un dels m\u00e9s aspectes m\u00e9s cridaners \u00e9s que tenen activades unes mol\u00e8cules molt petites anomenades piRNAs que s\u00f3n essencials per silenciar part del nostre ADN, el material gen\u00e8tic que ha d’estar inactiu en el proc\u00e9s de reproducci\u00f3. “Els piRNAs s\u00f3n tan importants que canvis epigen\u00e8tics en els gens que els produeixen s’associen a defici\u00e8ncies en la producci\u00f3 dels espermatozoides al testicle, i per tant, a l’aparici\u00f3 d’infertilitat masculina, per un nombre insuficient d’espermatozoides al semen, el que es coneix com oligozoosp\u00e8rmia o azoosp\u00e8rmia”, argumenta la Dra. Larriba.<\/p>\n
Aquestes troballes, per tant, “contribueixen a aclarir la variabilitat present en la seg\u00fcent generaci\u00f3 (el per qu\u00e8 els fills no s\u00f3n una suma id\u00e8ntica de la meitat de gens del pare i de la meitat de gens de la mare), expliquen certs casos de infertilitat masculina i proporcionen elements que facilitin la investigaci\u00f3 del tractament de la infertilitat masculina”, conclou Esteller.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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Refer\u00e8ncia dels articles<\/strong><\/p>\n Novel insights into DNA methylation features in spermatozoa: stability and peculiarities. Krausz C, Sandoval J, Sayols S, Chianese C, Giachini C, Heyn H, Esteller M. PLOS One<\/em>. 2012; 7(10):e44479.<\/p>\n Epigenetic Disruption of the PIWI Pathway in Human Spermatogenic Disorders. Heyn H, Ferreira HJ, Bassas L, Bonache S, Sayols S, Sandoval J, Esteller M, Larriba S. PLOS One<\/em>. 2012; 7(10):e47892.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Els espermatozoides s\u00f3n unes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules molt especialitzades del nostre cos encarregades de portar el missatge gen\u00e8tic a la descend\u00e8ncia en unir-se a l’\u00f2vul femen\u00ed. Aquest ha de ser un proc\u00e9s molt regulat per aconseguir l’evoluci\u00f3 d’un embri\u00f3 sa i mantenir els patrons d’expressi\u00f3 propis de la nostra esp\u00e8cie. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals de l’home han de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":20831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[376,396,334,464],"tags":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-05-05 09:39:31","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9438"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20832,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9438\/revisions\/20832"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}