{"id":9420,"date":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/blog\/2012\/12\/13\/fernando-fernandez-aranda-els-trastorns-alimentaris-no-son-problemes-nutricionals-sino-mentals\/"},"modified":"2022-01-11T15:07:25","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T14:07:25","slug":"fernando-fernandez-aranda-els-trastorns-alimentaris-no-son-problemes-nutricionals-sino-mentals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2012\/12\/fernando-fernandez-aranda-els-trastorns-alimentaris-no-son-problemes-nutricionals-sino-mentals\/","title":{"rendered":"Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda: \u201cels trastorns alimentaris no s\u00f3n problemes nutricionals, sin\u00f3 mentals\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Els <strong>trastorns de la conducta aliment\u00e0ria<\/strong> s\u00f3n problemes mentals i no nutricionals. Malgrat que s\u2019ha repetit for\u00e7a vegades en s\u00e8ries de televisi\u00f3, reportatges i articles de revistes, sembla que no tothom ho t\u00e9 prou clar, a jutjar per la cara d\u2019incredulitat d\u2019alguns dels assistents a la confer\u00e8ncia que va oferir Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda al Centre Cultural Sant Josep de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat el dia 22 de novembre. Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda \u00e9s cap de la Unitat de Trastorns de la Conducta Aliment\u00e0ria de l\u2019Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i investigador del Grup de Psiquiatria i Salut Mental de l\u2019IDIBELL. La seva xerrada estava programada dins del cicle Pessics de Ci\u00e8ncia del Centre Cultural Sant Josep, en qu\u00e8 ha col\u00b7laborat l\u2019IDIBELL, i formava part dels actes de la Setmana de la Ci\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n<p>Els trastorns de l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 engloben diverses afeccions que tenen en com\u00fa l\u2019alteraci\u00f3 de la manera de menjar i, sovint, una distorsi\u00f3 de la pr\u00f2pia imatge corporal i comportaments compulsius. Les afeccions m\u00e9s conegudes s\u00f3n l\u2019anor\u00e8xia i la bul\u00edmia, malgrat que, segons va alertar Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda durant la confer\u00e8ncia, \u201ccada cop estem veient a la consulta m\u00e9s desordres d\u2019altres tipus\u201d, com ara el trastorn per afartament (sobreingesti\u00f3 compulsiva d\u2019aliments sense compensaci\u00f3 posterior a trav\u00e9s de v\u00f2mits o exercici excessiu) o la vigor\u00e8xia (preocupaci\u00f3 exagerada pel f\u00edsic). El perfil de les persones afectades tamb\u00e9 ha canviat, segons va explicar l\u2019especialista. Davant del perfil cl\u00e0ssic de dones adolescents, \u201ccada cop veiem m\u00e9s dones adultes i m\u00e9s homes\u201d. L\u2019abordatge d\u2019aquests casos \u00e9s sovint m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil, probablement perqu\u00e8 \u201cpassen m\u00e9s desapercebuts i arriben a la consulta m\u00e9s tard que les adolescents\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Pel que fa a les causes d\u2019aquests trastorns, l\u2019especialista va destacar la implicaci\u00f3 de factors gen\u00e8tics, psicol\u00f2gics i socials, i sovint la malaltia apareix per la combinaci\u00f3 de tots tres. L\u2019especialista de Bellvitge es va mostrar preocupat per l\u2019augment de l\u2019obesitat infantil, perqu\u00e8, segons va alertar, \u201c\u00e9s un factor de risc per patir un trastorn de l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 en l\u2019edat adulta\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Malgrat la import\u00e0ncia que se li sol donar, el doctor Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda va minimitzar l\u2019efecte de la publicitat en l\u2019aparici\u00f3 dels trastorns de la conducta aliment\u00e0ria. \u201cLa publicitat \u00e9s un reflex de les actituds i les idees de la societat\u201d, va afirmar, \u201ci l\u2019obsessi\u00f3 per la bellesa f\u00edsica est\u00e0 molt present en la societat actual, tot i que ja en trobem evid\u00e8ncies fa cinquanta o seixanta anys\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019expert va alertar que algunes de les creences presents entre nosaltres s\u00f3n, simplement, falses. Va citar, per exemple, la creen\u00e7a de que el sucre i el greix en quantitats normals engreixen m\u00e9s que altres fonts d\u2019energia o que quan es comen\u00e7a a guanyar pes \u00e9s dif\u00edcil aturar-ho. L\u2019especialista va destacar que el nostre metabolisme \u00e9s capa\u00e7 d\u2019autoregular-se i per aix\u00f2 no \u00e9s f\u00e0cil perdre o guanyar pes, com saben b\u00e9 els que fan dieta. Cal molta for\u00e7a de voluntat i una actitud molt perseverant per aconseguir-ho.<\/p>\n<p>La Unitat de Trastorns de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3 de l\u2019Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge at\u00e9n cada any uns 400 casos nous. Els m\u00e9s greus requereixen d\u2019ingr\u00e9s hospitalari. Hi ha hospitals de tercer nivell, com el de Bellvitge, que disposen d\u2019un hospital de dia on es duen a terme sessions de ter\u00e0pia individual i grupal a c\u00e0rrec d\u2019un equip multidisciplinari. Posteriorment, es fa un seguiment en consultes externes. En tractar-se d\u2019una malaltia mental, l\u2019abordatge s\u2019ha de dur a terme amb programes d\u2019intervenci\u00f3 psicol\u00f2gics o psiqui\u00e0trics. El tractament \u00e9s llarg i requereix la participaci\u00f3 de la fam\u00edlia i els amics de les persones afectades.<\/p>\n<p>La bona not\u00edcia \u00e9s que els trastorns de la conducta aliment\u00e0ria es poden arribar a curar. \u201cTret de casos molt greus, fins i tot els danys f\u00edsics que pateixen molts pacients s\u00f3n reversibles\u201d, va destacar l\u2019especialista. \u201cUna de les coses que em fa m\u00e9s il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 \u00e9s quan em venen a veure antigues pacients per presentar-me els seus fills\u201d, va explicar amb un somriure Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els trastorns de la conducta aliment\u00e0ria s\u00f3n problemes mentals i no nutricionals. Malgrat que s\u2019ha repetit for\u00e7a vegades en s\u00e8ries de televisi\u00f3, reportatges i articles de revistes, sembla que no tothom ho t\u00e9 prou clar, a jutjar per la cara d\u2019incredulitat d\u2019alguns dels assistents a la confer\u00e8ncia que va oferir Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez Aranda al Centre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":20168,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,340,457,515],"tags":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-05-13 20:50:32","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9420"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20167,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9420\/revisions\/20167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}