L\u2019experi\u00e8ncia dels pares amb els seus fills i del mestres amb els seus alumnes demostra com aquests van canviant els seus comportaments i coneixements des de nadons fins a l\u2019adolesc\u00e8ncia. Fins ara, es coneixia molt poc de les causes que podien provocar aquests canvis.<\/p>\n
Avui, un article publicat a la revista Science amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 del grup de Manel Esteller, director del Programa d\u2019Epigen\u00e8tica i Biologia del C\u00e0ncer de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), investigador ICREA i professor de Gen\u00e8tica de la Universitat de Barcelona, ens d\u00f3na una important clau per entendre aquest proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n
Els investigadors han descobert que el c\u00f2rtex frontal (la part del cervell responsable de la conducta i l\u2019adquisici\u00f3 de nova informaci\u00f3) de les persones experimenta un important canvi des del naixement fins a l\u2019acabament de l\u2019adolesc\u00e8ncia: el seu epigenoma es transforma.<\/p>\n
L\u2019estudi analitza l\u2019epigenoma de nadons acabats de n\u00e9ixer, joves de 16 anys i adults de 25 i 50 anys als Estats Units i a Catalunya.<\/p>\n
Epigenoma<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u2019epigenoma \u00e9s el conjunt de senyals qu\u00edmiques que s\u2019encarreguen d\u2019encendre o apagar els gens del nostre ADN. El descobriment de Science demostra que un d\u2019aquests senyals epigen\u00e8tics, la metilaci\u00f3 del material gen\u00e8tic, s\u2019incrementa progressivament fins a arribar al final de l\u2019adolesc\u00e8ncia i a l\u2019entrada a l\u2019etapa adulta.<\/p>\n \u201cEls resultats de l\u2019estudi revelen que la metilaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN \u00e9s clau en la formaci\u00f3 dels espais de comunicaci\u00f3 entre neurones (sinapsis)\u201d, ha explicat Esteller. \u201cEl cervell es divideix en substancia blanca (glia) i grisa (neurones) amb diversos tipus de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules amb funcions diferents. Els patrons de metilaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN fan que s\u2019expressin gens espec\u00edfics de determinats tipus de c\u00e8l\u00b7lula. Fins i tot a la substancia grisa, hi ha subtipus de neurones com les piramidals i les productores del neurotransmissor GABA que tenen subpatrons de metilaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN espec\u00edfics\u201d.<\/p>\n Manel Esteller ha explicat que la metilaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN a les neurones \u00e9s diferent a la de la resta de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules del nostre cos. \u201cSi la normal es diu 5-mCG, la de les neurones es diu 5-mCH: aix\u00f2 es com posar un accent obert o tancat a una paraula, en aquest cas a un gen, per canviar-li el seu significat\u201d.<\/p>\n Aquest descobriment pot tenir una import\u00e0ncia profunda en el coneixement de la biologia del cervell perqu\u00e8 a m\u00e9s d\u2019explicar la plasticitat d\u2019aquest \u00f2rgan davant l\u2019aprenentatge i les experi\u00e8ncies vitals, pot ser decisiusper entendre les causes de les alteracions de la conducta i les malalties psiqui\u00e0triques. Ara, cal investigar si petites alteracions en el programa de metilaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN en el desenvolupament postnatal podrien estar relacionades amb desordres de neurodesenvolupament com l\u2019autisme o l\u2019esquizofr\u00e8nia.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Refer\u00e8ncia de l\u2019article<\/strong> L\u2019experi\u00e8ncia dels pares amb els seus fills i del mestres amb els seus alumnes demostra com aquests van canviant els seus comportaments i coneixements des de nadons fins a l\u2019adolesc\u00e8ncia. Fins ara, es coneixia molt poc de les causes que podien provocar aquests canvis. Avui, un article publicat a la revista Science amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":19819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-05-05 11:04:39","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8524"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8524"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19820,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8524\/revisions\/19820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nLister R, Mukame EA, Nery JR, Urich M, Puddifoot CA, Johnson N, Lucero J, Huang N, Zaman S, Schultz MD, Tonti-Filippini J, Yu M, Heyn H, Hu S, Wu JC, Rao A, Esteller M, He C, Haghighi FG, Sejnowski TJ, Behrens MM, Ecker JR. Dynamic epigenomic reconfiguration during mammalian brain development. Science, July 4th, 2013.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"