{"id":8307,"date":"2014-09-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/blog\/2014\/09\/29\/barcelona-es-consolida-com-a-lider-internacional-en-la-recerca-de-lepigenetica-i-el-cancer\/"},"modified":"2020-05-13T19:47:57","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T17:47:57","slug":"barcelona-es-consolida-com-a-lider-internacional-en-la-recerca-de-lepigenetica-i-el-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2014\/09\/barcelona-es-consolida-com-a-lider-internacional-en-la-recerca-de-lepigenetica-i-el-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Barcelona es consolida com a l\u00edder internacional en la recerca de l\u2019epigen\u00e8tica i el c\u00e0ncer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Els dies 1 i 2 d\u2019octubre, experts nacionals i internacionals en epigen\u00e8tica i c\u00e0ncer es reuniran per segon any consecutiu a CaixaForum Barcelona, convocats per B\u00b7Debate<\/strong> i el Programa d\u2019Epigen\u00e8tica i Biologia del C\u00e0ncer (PEBC) de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), per discutir sobre els \u00faltims aven\u00e7os en aquests camps de recerca. <\/p>\n

La nova edici\u00f3 de les confer\u00e8ncies celebra el 50\u00e8 aniversari de la publicaci\u00f3 d\u2019un article cient\u00edfic a la revista Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> (PNAS) que va revolucionar el coneixement, ja que va portar al descobriment de nous nivells de regulaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular que explicarien l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de malalties com el c\u00e0ncer. Aquesta l\u00ednia d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 promet grans aven\u00e7os en el diagn\u00f2stic preco\u00e7 i els tractaments de diverses patologies, com les oncol\u00f2giques. En aquest sentit, la ind\u00fastria farmac\u00e8utica ja assaja algunes de les primeres aplicacions cl\u00edniques d\u2019aquest coneixement. <\/p>\n

A Catalunya, 1 de cada 2 homes i 1 de cada 3 dones tenen la probabilitat de desenvolupar un c\u00e0ncer al llarg de la seva vida, segons les dades m\u00e9s recents de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Actualment, m\u00e9s de 20.000 homes i gaireb\u00e9 14.000 dones pateixen un c\u00e0ncer. Els m\u00e9s comuns entre la poblaci\u00f3 masculina s\u00f3n els c\u00e0ncers de pr\u00f2stata, pulm\u00f3, i colon i recte; mentre que en les dones s\u00f3n els c\u00e0ncers de mama, coll d\u2019\u00fater, i colon i recte. <\/p>\n

El genoma \u00e9s el llibre d\u2019instruccions de la vida. A excepci\u00f3 de les mutacions, la informaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica de cada persona \u00e9s invariable. Per\u00f2 al 1964 els investigadors V.G. Allfrey, R. Faulkner i A.E. Mirsky van descriure modificacions qu\u00edmiques del genoma que s\u00f3n b\u00e0siques per entendre altres processos cel\u00b7lulars. \u201cVan obrir un camp sencer dins el m\u00f3n de la biologia amb la publicaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest article\u201d, valora Alejandro Vaquero, investigador del PEBC i l\u00edder cient\u00edfic de la nova edici\u00f3 B\u00b7Debate. <\/p>\n

Els tres investigadors van demostrar que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tenien un nivell de regulaci\u00f3 nou que no s\u2019havia descrit fins aleshores: \u201cAquest nivell de regulaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular est\u00e0 per sobre de la informaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica i ens obre un m\u00f3n de possibilitats infinites\u201d, comenta Vaquero. <\/p>\n

Aquests canvis tenen conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies en la salut humana, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 ofereixen dianes terap\u00e8utiques als investigadors per trobar noves formes de diagn\u00f2stic preco\u00e7 i tractaments m\u00e9s efica\u00e7os de malalties com el c\u00e0ncer. <\/p>\n

Fins a meitats del segle XX l\u2019aparici\u00f3 d\u2019un c\u00e0ncer s\u2019havia atribu\u00eft a anomalies dels propis gens, per\u00f2 les investigacions m\u00e9s recents mostren com alguns tipus de c\u00e0ncer s\u2019expliquen pels canvis en la manera com aquests gens s\u2019expressen, sense variar la informaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica que contenen. Aquests canvis es deuen a mecanismes epigen\u00e8tics, que afecten l\u2019activitat dels gens i tenen conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies que poden persistir i fins i tot ser heretables. Aquestes modificacions poden ser indu\u00efdes per factors com la contaminaci\u00f3, l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 i els h\u00e0bits de vida. <\/p>\n

Les histones s\u00f3n les prote\u00efnes essencials en l’emmagatzematge i organitzaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ADN dins del nucli de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula, on es troba tota la informaci\u00f3 d\u2019un \u00e9sser viu. <\/p>\n

Les instruccions gen\u00e8tiques lideren aquest proc\u00e9s, per\u00f2 ara se sap que l\u2019ambient tamb\u00e9 hi juga un paper molt rellevant. Un dels mecanismes epigen\u00e8tics que influeix en l\u2019expressi\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica \u00e9s el proc\u00e9s d\u2019acetilaci\u00f3. Es calcula que entre el 80% i el 90% de les prote\u00efnes humanes poden patir modificacions d\u2019aquest tipus. \u201cUna gran part de les prote\u00efnes que tenim al nostre cos seran modificades i l\u2019acetilaci\u00f3 \u00e9s un dels processos m\u00e9s habituals\u201d, remarca Vaquero. <\/p>\n

L\u2019acetilaci\u00f3 va ser el primer mecanisme epigen\u00e8tic que es va descriure, per\u00f2 n\u2019hi ha d\u2019altres com la metilaci\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 influeixen en la regulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica i s\u2019hereten de generaci\u00f3 a generaci\u00f3. El congr\u00e9s se centra en aquests mecanismes moleculars i com incideixen a la regulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica, amb especial atenci\u00f3 a l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de malalties per trobar noves estrat\u00e8gies de detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 i tractaments m\u00e9s efectius. <\/p>\n

B\u00b7Debate Centre Internacional per al Debat Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona <\/strong>\u00e9s una iniciativa impulsada per Biocat i l\u2019Obra Social \u201cla Caixa\u201d amb l\u2019objectiu de cercar respostes i solucions a reptes i necessitats socials en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de les ci\u00e8ncies de la vida mitjan\u00e7ant la celebraci\u00f3 de trobades internacionals d\u2019alt nivell cient\u00edfic. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00b7Debate No tot est\u00e0 escrit Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les histones i per qu\u00e8 s\u2019acetilen? B\u00b7Debate Centre Internacional per al Debat Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona Barcelona Conferences on Epigenetics and Cancer: 50 years of histone acetylation dirigida cient\u00edficament<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-05-11 16:58:15","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8307"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8307\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}