{"id":26255,"date":"2024-09-09T07:30:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T05:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/?p=26255"},"modified":"2024-09-06T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T13:00:47","slug":"relacionen-per-primera-vegada-la-contaminacio-de-laire-amb-lus-dantibiotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2024\/09\/relacionen-per-primera-vegada-la-contaminacio-de-laire-amb-lus-dantibiotics\/","title":{"rendered":"Relacionen per primera vegada la contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire amb l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire i la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics s\u00f3n dos dels majors reptes de salut p\u00fablica a nivell global: en conjunt, cada any causen m\u00e9s de 10 milions de morts prematures al m\u00f3n, una xifra que incrementa cont\u00ednuament. La contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire per part\u00edcules PM<sub>10<\/sub>, PM<sub>2.5 <\/sub>i NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u00e9s un factor de risc per malalties com la dem\u00e8ncia, certs c\u00e0ncers i tamb\u00e9 afeccions respirat\u00f2ries. Per altra banda, l\u2019\u00fas excessiu o incorrecte dels antibi\u00f2tics acaba provocant l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de bacteris resistents que causen infeccions que no es poden tractar. S\u2019estima que el 2050 aquest fenomen causar\u00e0 10 milions de morts a nivell global. El principal motiu de prescripci\u00f3 d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics en l\u2019atenci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria s\u00f3n les infeccions respirat\u00f2ries agudes, tot i que en alguns casos el diagn\u00f2stic \u00e9s erroni perqu\u00e8 realment es tracta d\u2019infeccions v\u00edriques o d\u2019altres afeccions.<\/p>\n<p>Ara, un grup de recerca de l\u2019IDIBELL, l\u2019Hospital de Bellvitge i el CIBERINFEC acaba de publicar a <em>JAMA Network Open<\/em> el primer article on es relacionen aquests dos fen\u00f2mens: a partir d\u2019un an\u00e0lisi estad\u00edstic complet, els investigadors han comprovat que els dies que la contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire augmenta m\u00e9s es recepten m\u00e9s antibi\u00f2tics. En el cas del PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>, tamb\u00e9 s\u2019ha trobat una associaci\u00f3 retardada entre el 7\u00e8 i 10\u00e8 dia posterior a l\u2019exposici\u00f3. Per aquest estudi, han recopilat dades di\u00e0ries sobre els indicadors de contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire PM<sub>10<\/sub>, PM<sub>2.5 <\/sub>i NO<sub>2<\/sub> i les prescripcions d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics per afeccions respirat\u00f2ries als centres d\u2019assist\u00e8ncia primaria de les 11 ciutats catalanes m\u00e9s poblades, al llarg de 8 anys.<\/p>\n<p>Segons el Dr Jordi Carratal\u00e0, l\u00edder de l\u2019estudi, aquesta relaci\u00f3 \u201cpodria ser causada perqu\u00e8 la pol\u00b7luci\u00f3 irrita les vies respirat\u00f2ries i provoca s\u00edmptomes semblants als d\u2019una infecci\u00f3, a m\u00e9s de facilitar una infecci\u00f3 bacteriana secund\u00e0ria que es dona mentre el sistema immunitari est\u00e0 lluitant contra les part\u00edcules contaminants\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un problema de salut global<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En tot cas, aquest estudi, que ha incl\u00f2s al voltant d\u20191,9 milions d\u2019habitants i m\u00e9s de 8 milions de prescripcions d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics en atenci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria, representa un pas important cap a la comprensi\u00f3 dels efectes de la contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire en la salut p\u00fablica i es suma a la resta d\u2019evid\u00e8ncies sobre la necessitat d\u2019implantar pol\u00edtiques mediambientals m\u00e9s ambicioses destinades a millorar la qualitat de l\u2019aire i reduir la c\u00e0rrega de malalties respirat\u00f2ries, aix\u00ed com l\u2019\u00fas excessiu d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics. A m\u00e9s, com que aquesta \u00e9s la primera publicaci\u00f3 sobre el tema, cal seguir investigant el mateix fenomen a diferents regions geogr\u00e0fiques del m\u00f3n i confirmar i ampliar els resultats.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019Institut d&#8217;Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) \u00e9s un centre de recerca en biomedicina creat l\u2019any 2004. Est\u00e0 participat per l&#8217;Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i l\u2019Hospital de Viladecans de l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 d&#8217;Oncologia, la Universitat de Barcelona i l\u2019Ajuntament de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s membre del Campus d&#8217;Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Internacional de la Universitat de Barcelona HUBc i forma part de la instituci\u00f3 CERCA de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L&#8217;any 2009 es va convertir en un dels cinc primers centres d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 espanyols acreditats com a institut d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sanit\u00e0ria per l\u2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A m\u00e9s, forma part del programa \u201cHR Excellence in Research\u201d de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i \u00e9s membre de EATRIS i REGIC. Des de l\u2019any 2018, l\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s un Centro Acreditado de la Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica AECC (FCAECC).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un grup de recerca de l\u2019IDIBELL, acaba de publicar a JAMA Network Open el primer article on es relacionen aquests dos fen\u00f2mens: a partir d\u2019un an\u00e0lisi estad\u00edstic complet, han comprovat que els dies que la contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aire augmenta m\u00e9s, es recepten m\u00e9s antibi\u00f2tics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":26257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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