La reproducci\u00f3 assistida ha perm\u00e8s que la majoria dels pacients inf\u00e8rtils siguin pares mitjan\u00e7ant l’a\u00efllament d’espermatozoides viables del semen per a la fecundaci\u00f3 in vitro a trav\u00e9s de la injecci\u00f3 intracitoplasm\u00e0tica (FIV-ICSI). En el cas de l’azoosp\u00e8rmia, caracteritzada per l’abs\u00e8ncia d’espermatozoides al semen, els pacients nom\u00e9s es poden beneficiar del procediment FIV-ICSI amb espermatozoides obtinguts d’una bi\u00f2psia testicular. Aquesta afectaci\u00f3 ocorre com a resultat de, o b\u00e9, una obstrucci\u00f3 en el tracte reproductor mascul\u00ed (azoosp\u00e8rmia obstructiva amb espermatog\u00e8nesi conservada), o d’una fallada greu en la producci\u00f3 dels espermatozoides (azoosp\u00e8rmia secretora), que no presenta cap o pocs espermatozoides al testicle. Patir un tipus o l’altre d’azoosp\u00e8rmia determina l’\u00e8xit en l’obtenci\u00f3 d’espermatozoides de la bi\u00f2psia testicular, per tant, disposar de biomarcadors no invasius per discriminar l’origen de l’azoosp\u00e8rmia pr\u00e8viament a la realitzaci\u00f3 de la bi\u00f2psia \u00e9s essencial per evitar bi\u00f2psies innecess\u00e0ries.<\/p>\n
El semen cont\u00e9 una concentraci\u00f3 \u00fanica d’ARNs petits que actuen com a reguladors de l’expressi\u00f3 de les prote\u00efnes que intervenen en la fecundaci\u00f3. Aquests ARN petits, tals com microARNs (miARNs), piARNs, tsARNs entre d’altres, estan continguts majorit\u00e0riament en unes estructures denominades ves\u00edcules extracel\u00b7lulars. At\u00e8s que algunes d’aquestes ves\u00edcules s’originen en testicle, s’esperarien alteracions dels nivells dels ARN petits al semen que revelarien la pres\u00e8ncia d’alteracions de l’espermatog\u00e8nesi i la seva severitat. Un estudi del grup de Gen\u00e8tica Molecular Humana de l’IDIBELL, liderat per la Dra. Sara Larriba, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb el Dr. Llu\u00eds Bassas de la Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert i el Dr. Lauro Sumoy de l’IGTP, es va proposar estudiar de manera exhaustiva els nivells d’ARN petits en les ves\u00edcules extracel\u00b7lulars del semen d’individus azoosp\u00e8rmics. L’objectiu era seleccionar biomarcadors no invasius amb utilitat diagn\u00f2stica i pron\u00f2stica, que permetessin identificar individus amb possibilitats de recuperar espermatozoides a trav\u00e9s d’una bi\u00f2psia testicular, necessari per al tractament de reproducci\u00f3 assistida.<\/p>\n
Utilitzant t\u00e8cniques de seq\u00fcenciaci\u00f3 d’ARN, l’equip de cient\u00edfics va mostrar que alteracions en els valors d’expressi\u00f3 de certs ARNs de les ves\u00edcules del semen podrien ser utilitzats, de manera individual o en combinaci\u00f3, com a biomarcadors per a l’azoosp\u00e8rmia. Destaquen entre ells, els miARNs i les seves variants, cosa que els converteix en marcadors moleculars amb un gran potencial com a eina de diagn\u00f2stic per determinar l’origen de l’azoosp\u00e8rmia. Altres ARNs tals com els tsARNs, encara que s\u00f3n molt abundants a les ves\u00edcules del semen, no van mostrar utilitat com a marcadors biol\u00f2gics de la pres\u00e8ncia d’espermatozoides al testicle.<\/p>\n
Tot i que s\u00f3n necessaris m\u00e9s estudis, la disponibilitat i adaptaci\u00f3 d’aquests biomarcadors moleculars no invasius representaria una gran millora en els protocols de decisi\u00f3 de tractament reproductiu per a l’azoosp\u00e8rmia a la pr\u00e0ctica cl\u00ednica.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
L\u2019Institut d’Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) \u00e9s un centre de recerca en biomedicina creat l\u2019any 2004. Est\u00e0 participat per l’Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i l\u2019Hospital de Viladecans de l’Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, l’Institut Catal\u00e0 d’Oncologia, la Universitat de Barcelona i l\u2019Ajuntament de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat.<\/em><\/p>\n L\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s membre del Campus d’Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Internacional de la Universitat de Barcelona HUBc i forma part de la instituci\u00f3 CERCA de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L’any 2009 es va convertir en un dels cinc primers centres d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 espanyols acreditats com a institut d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sanit\u00e0ria per l\u2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A m\u00e9s, forma part del programa \u201cHR Excellence in Research\u201d de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i \u00e9s membre de EATRIS i REGIC. Des de l\u2019any 2018, l\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s un Centro Acreditado de la Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica AECC (FCAECC).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L’objectiu era seleccionar biomarcadors no invasius amb utilitat diagn\u00f2stica i pron\u00f2stica, que permetessin identificar individus amb possibilitats de recuperar espermatozoides a trav\u00e9s d’una bi\u00f2psia testicular, necessari per al tractament de reproducci\u00f3 assistida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":23883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[396,334,464],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genetica-molecular-humana","category-medicina-translacional","category-p-de-gens-malaltia-i-terapia"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-12-25 10:16:14","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23882"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23884,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23882\/revisions\/23884"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}