Nature Reviews Disease Primers<\/em><\/a> recull les \u00faltimes evid\u00e8ncies cient\u00edfiques al voltant del trastorn per afartament, i posa el focus en l\u2019epidemiologia, les estrat\u00e8gies de prevenci\u00f3, el maneig i la qualitat de vida de les persones afectades. El Dr. Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, cap de grup de l\u2019IDIBELL i CIBERobn,\u00a0 coordinador de la Unitat de Trastorns Alimentaris de l\u2019Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, i catedr\u00e0tic de la Universitat de Barcelona, \u00e9s un dels co-autors d\u2019aquesta revisi\u00f3.<\/p>\nComparat amb altres malalties mentals, la fisiopatologia del trastorn per afartament \u00e9s complexa i multifactorial<\/strong>, amb implicacions tant biol\u00f2giques com socials que contribueixen a desregular el comportament alimentari. Els estudis neurol\u00f2gics mostren que les persones afectades presenten afectacions dels circuits neuronals associats a la recompensa, a la inhibici\u00f3 o el control de les emocions, similar a les conductes addictives.<\/p>\nFins ara, la psicoter\u00e0pia, basada en el model cognitiu-conductual, \u00e9s el tractament m\u00e9s recomanable per a les persones amb trastorn per afartament en una primera inst\u00e0ncia.<\/p>\n
El Dr. Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda apunta<\/strong>: \u201cHem de continuar treballant per entendre els mecanismes implicats en el trastorn per afartament i aix\u00ed millorar la prevenci\u00f3 i tractament d\u2019aquesta malaltia<\/em>\u201d. I afegeix: \u201cAquests esfor\u00e7os haurien d\u2019incloure tamb\u00e9 el cribratge, la identificaci\u00f3 i la implementaci\u00f3 d\u2019intervencions basades en l\u2019evid\u00e8ncia cient\u00edfica en la pr\u00e0ctica cl\u00ednica<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Criteris pel diagn\u00f2stic del trastorn per afartament<\/h4>\n
El trastorn per afartament acaba de ser incorporat en el Manual Diagn\u00f2stic i Estad\u00edstic dels Trastorns Mentals<\/strong>, manual de refer\u00e8ncia en l\u2019\u00e0mbit psiqui\u00e0tric, que descriu que els episodis de crisis han de complir com a m\u00ednim tres de les seg\u00fcents caracter\u00edstiques per ser reconegut com a trastorn: menjar m\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament del normal, acabar amb una sensaci\u00f3 inc\u00f2moda d\u2019afartament, menjar tot i no tenir gana, realitzar els episodis d\u2019amagat, i tenir sentiments negatius per la gran ingesta alimentaria.<\/p>\nAl contrari de la bul\u00edmia nerviosa, les persones afectades per trastorn de l\u2019afartament no compensen les grans ingestes de menjar amb m\u00e8todes purgatius, com el v\u00f2mit. A m\u00e9s, en aquest trastorn els i les pacients no presenten alteracions sobre la percepci\u00f3 de la imatge del propi cos<\/strong>. De fet, alguns estudis postulen que \u00e9s el trastorn alimentari que presenta m\u00e9s similituds amb les conductes addictives i, en aquest sentit, s\u2019est\u00e0 explorant la validesa del constructe de l\u2019addicci\u00f3 al menjar, al menys en alguns casos.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
L\u2019associaci\u00f3 de l\u2019obesitat i el trastorn per afartament<\/h4>\n
L\u2019Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut (OMS) ha identificat l\u2019obesitat com un dels principals problemes de salut global. Aix\u00f2 accentua la import\u00e0ncia cl\u00ednica d\u2019aquest trastorn alimentari, ja que sovint es troba associat a l\u2019obesitat.<\/p>\n
No obstant aix\u00f2, \u201cHem de tenir present que, tot i la forta associaci\u00f3, la p\u00e8rdua de pes com a tractament del trastorn per afartament resulta controvertida, com a m\u00ednim en una primera fase<\/em>.-comenta el Dr. Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda<\/strong>– Tanmateix, es recomana prioritzar ter\u00e0pies basades en el comportament, <\/strong>aix\u00ed com en els aspectes cognitius \u00a0i emocionals associats, amb l\u2019objectiu principal de reduir o eliminar els episodis d\u2019afartament<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
L\u2019Institut d’Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) \u00e9s un centre de recerca en biomedicina creat l\u2019any 2004. Est\u00e0 participat per l’Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i l\u2019Hospital de Viladecans de l’Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, l’Institut Catal\u00e0 d’Oncologia, la Universitat de Barcelona i l\u2019Ajuntament de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat.<\/em><\/p>\nL\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s membre del Campus d’Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Internacional de la Universitat de Barcelona HUBc i forma part de la instituci\u00f3 CERCA de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L’any 2009 es va convertir en un dels cinc primers centres d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 espanyols acreditats com a institut d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sanit\u00e0ria per l\u2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A m\u00e9s, forma part del programa \u201cHR Excellence in Research\u201d de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i \u00e9s membre de EATRIS i REGIC. Des de l\u2019any 2018, l\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s un Centro Acreditado de la Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica AECC (FCAECC).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Despr\u00e9s que el trastorn per afartament hagi entrat en el manual de diagn\u00f2stic psiqui\u00e0tric de refer\u00e8ncia, el Dr. Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda participa en un article a la revista Nature Reviews Disease Primers on es revisen les evid\u00e8ncies cient\u00edfiques d\u2019aquest trastorn i s\u2019apunten els nous camins a seguir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":20901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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