{"id":20458,"date":"2022-02-09T10:37:24","date_gmt":"2022-02-09T09:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/?p=20458"},"modified":"2022-02-09T10:38:06","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T09:38:06","slug":"descobreixen-un-microrna-que-pot-promoure-el-desenvolupament-daterosclerosi-en-pacients-amb-malaltia-coronaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2022\/02\/descobreixen-un-microrna-que-pot-promoure-el-desenvolupament-daterosclerosi-en-pacients-amb-malaltia-coronaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Descobreixen un microRNA que pot promoure el desenvolupament d&#8217;aterosclerosi en pacients amb malaltia coron\u00e0ria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Els microRNAs s\u00f3n mol\u00e8cules capaces de regular l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 de m\u00faltiples gens implicats en el desenvolupament de diferents malalties. Un d&#8217;aquests miRNA, concretament miR-125b, podria jugar un paper clau en la progressi\u00f3 de l&#8217;arteriosclerosi, tot bloquejant l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 d&#8217;un gen que regula la capacitat de les lipoprote\u00efnes HDL per capturar i transportar fins al fetge el colesterol acumulat als macr\u00f2fags i les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars llises vasculars de la paret de les art\u00e8ries, accelerant aix\u00ed la formaci\u00f3 de la placa d&#8217;ateroma. Aquesta \u00e9s la conclusi\u00f3 principal d&#8217;un nou estudi desenvolupat per investigadors de l&#8217;Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), de l&#8217;Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, del CIBER de Diabetis i Malalties Metab\u00f2liques (CIBERDEM) i de l&#8217;Institut de Recerca i de l&#8217;Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) que publica la revista <em>Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Les malalties cardiovasculars constitueixen una de les causes m\u00e9s importants de discapacitat i mort prematura arreu del m\u00f3n. El principal problema subjacent en moltes d\u2019elles \u00e9s l&#8217;aterosclerosi, una afecci\u00f3 caracteritzada per una acumulaci\u00f3 de l\u00edpids i una resposta inflamat\u00f2ria a les art\u00e8ries, que deriva en la formaci\u00f3 de la placa d&#8217;ateroma. Amb el temps, aquesta placa acaba per reduir la capacitat del vas sanguini i, a m\u00e9s, es pot trencar i desprendre, provocant un esdeveniment tromb\u00f2tic.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>La p\u00e8rdua de funci\u00f3 de les HDL per eliminar el colesterol, clau<\/h3>\n<p>L&#8217;acumulaci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules escumoses a la paret dels vasos sanguinis constitueix un component significatiu de les lesions inicials de l&#8217;aterosclerosi. Aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules escumoses, que van formant una mena de veta greixosa a la paret dels vasos sanguinis, poden derivar-se de macr\u00f2fags o de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars llises de la paret arterial, les quals han anat acumulant l\u00edpids de manera patol\u00f2gica.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLa p\u00e8rdua de la capacitat de les part\u00edcules de lipoprote\u00efnes d&#8217;alta densitat (HDL) d\u2019estimular la sortida de colesterol d&#8217;aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i transportar-lo al fetge per ser eliminat a trav\u00e9s de l&#8217;intest\u00ed, proc\u00e9s anomenat transport revers de colesterol, \u00e9s un mecanisme clau per a l&#8217;aven\u00e7 de la malaltia\u201d, expliquen dos dels coordinadors de l&#8217;estudi, Joan Carles Escol\u00e0-Gil i Noem\u00ed Rotllan, investigadors del CIBERDEM i de l&#8217;IIB Sant Pau. Per aix\u00f2, aquest nou treball intenta dilucidar els mecanismes patol\u00f2gics implicats en la p\u00e8rdua d&#8217;aquesta funci\u00f3 de les HDL.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;estudi posa el focus en un microRNA espec\u00edfic, miR-125b, el qual apunten com a responsable principal: \u201cEl nostre treball demostra que miR-125b s&#8217;expressa en aortes humanes de pacients amb malaltia coron\u00e0ria, concretament en macr\u00f2fags i c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars llises vasculars, on pot promoure el desenvolupament d&#8217;arteriosclerosi\u201d, apunta Miguel Hueso, investigador de l&#8217;IDIBELL i de l&#8217;Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge que tamb\u00e9 ha liderat aquest treball.<\/p>\n<p>Per aclarir el paper d&#8217;aquest miRNA, es va fer un estudi bioinform\u00e0tic per identificar possibles gens diana del miR-125b relacionats amb el metabolisme del colesterol en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de la paret arterial. D&#8217;aquesta manera, van descobrir la interacci\u00f3 del miR-125b amb el gen del receptor SR-BI, i la seva capacitat per bloquejar-ne l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica. &#8220;La investigaci\u00f3 ha demostrat per primera vegada que miR-125b regula negativament l\u00b4expressi\u00f3 del receptor SR-BI en macr\u00f2fags i c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars llises de la paret arterial i la seva capacitat per extreure colesterol d\u00b4aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vasculars i transferir-lo a les HDL&#8221;, apunten.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, van trobar que l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 de miR-125b en macr\u00f2fags i c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vasculars va reduir l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 del receptor tant a nivell d\u2019RNA missatger com de prote\u00efna. \u201cAquesta disminuci\u00f3 estava associada a una reducci\u00f3 de la capacitat de les HDL per extreure colesterol dels macr\u00f2fags i transportar-lo al fetge perqu\u00e8 sigui eliminat a trav\u00e9s de l&#8217;intest\u00ed\u201d, afirmen.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Diana terap\u00e8utica<\/h3>\n<p>\u201cL&#8217;estudi podria obrir la via a noves estrat\u00e8gies terap\u00e8utiques basades en la utilitzaci\u00f3 d&#8217;inhibidors de miR-125b per prevenir o frenar el desenvolupament de la placa ateroscler\u00f2tica, tot i que encara calen m\u00e9s experiments amb aquest tipus de mol\u00e8cules per a la seva possible aplicaci\u00f3 en aquest camp\u201d, conclouen els autors principals de la investigaci\u00f3, Miguel Hueso i Noemi Rotllan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;estudi obre la via a la utilitzaci\u00f3 potencial d&#8217;inhibidors d&#8217;aquest miRNA com a estrat\u00e8gia terap\u00e8utica per frenar la progressi\u00f3 d&#8217;aquesta afecci\u00f3 vascular<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":20459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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