{"id":19410,"date":"2021-11-10T09:01:34","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T08:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/?p=19410"},"modified":"2021-11-10T10:32:47","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:32:47","slug":"lestudi-de-variants-genetiques-per-la-deteccio-precoc-del-cancer-colorectal-estat-actual-i-perspectives-de-futur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2021\/11\/lestudi-de-variants-genetiques-per-la-deteccio-precoc-del-cancer-colorectal-estat-actual-i-perspectives-de-futur\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019estudi de variants gen\u00e8tiques per la detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 del c\u00e0ncer colorectal: estat actual i perspectives de futur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El c\u00e0ncer colorectal \u00e9s el tercer c\u00e0ncer m\u00e9s diagnosticat i el segon m\u00e9s mortal a tot el m\u00f3n. La detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 de p\u00f2lips encara benignes o tumors en les seves fases inicials \u00e9s crucial per reduir la incid\u00e8ncia i mortalitat d\u2019aquest tipus de c\u00e0ncer, per aix\u00f2 \u00e9s important realitzar aquests seguiments peri\u00f2dics.<\/p>\n<p>En els \u00faltims anys, l\u2019avan\u00e7 de les t\u00e8cniques gen\u00f2miques i moleculars ha perm\u00e8s identificar un gran nombre de variants gen\u00e8tiques associades a una major susceptibilitat a patir c\u00e0ncer colorectal. <strong>Ara som capa\u00e7os d\u2019avaluar el risc d\u2019una persona de desenvolupar aquesta malaltia coneixent el nombre i tipus de variants gen\u00e8tiques que presenta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019equip d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 en C\u00e0ncer Colorectal de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (<a href=\"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/recerca\/area-de-cancer\/programa-de-mecanismes-molleculars-i-terapia-experimental-en-oncologia-oncobell\/cancer-colorectal\/\">IDIBELL<\/a>) i l\u2019Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia (ICO) ha realitzat un estudi per determinar si aquestes an\u00e0lisis de variants gen\u00e8tiques poden ser \u00fatils per millorar els programes de detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 del c\u00e0ncer colorectal i ajudar en les decisions posteriors.<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>Dr. Victor Moreno<\/strong>, cap de grup a l\u2019IDIBELL i a l\u2019ICO, professor de la Universitat de Barcelona i membre del CIBERESP, comenta que \u201c<em>fins el moment nom\u00e9s s\u2019han realitzat aquestes an\u00e0lisis gen\u00e8tiques en pacients amb c\u00e0ncers diagnosticats, per poder utilitzar aquest tipus de proves en la prevenci\u00f3 i detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 \u00e9s necessari comprovar la seva efic\u00e0cia en fases m\u00e9s inicials<\/em>\u201d. I afegeix, \u201c<em>les variants gen\u00e8tiques podrien utilitzar-se com a complement en els cribratges per prioritzar les proves m\u00e9s invasives, com les colonosc\u00f2pies, nom\u00e9s en aquells pacients amb m\u00e9s risc<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>De totes maneres, els resultats de l\u2019estudi publicats a la revista <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02134-x\"><em>BMC Medicine<\/em><\/a> mostren que definir les variants gen\u00e8tiques, malgrat proporcionar molta informaci\u00f3 per determinar el risc de desenvolupar c\u00e0ncer colorectal, encara no aporten suficient valor als models per poder-los implementar a la pr\u00e0ctica di\u00e0ria. Aquest estudi s\u2019ha fet gr\u00e0cies al finan\u00e7ament i l\u2019ajuda de l\u2019Associaci\u00f3 Espanyola Contra el C\u00e0ncer (AECC).<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Es necessitarien estudis amb un nombre de pacients m\u00e9s elevat, en els que s\u2019analitzarien una major quantitat de variants per poder discernir si aquestes prediccions, fetes a partir de la seq\u00fcenciaci\u00f3 del genoma dels pacients, s\u00f3n \u00fatils com a eina de cribratge i detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 del c\u00e0ncer colorectal<\/em>\u201d, assegura la <strong>Dra. Mireia Ob\u00f3n<\/strong>, investigadora de l\u2019IDIBELL i de l\u2019ICO, i primera autora de l\u2019estudi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>M\u00e8todes cl\u00e0ssics de seguiment vs. Variants gen\u00e8tiques<\/h4>\n<p>Una de les proves de seguiment m\u00e9s comunes pel diagn\u00f2stic preco\u00e7 del c\u00e0ncer colorectal \u00e9s la detecci\u00f3 de sang oculta en la femta.<\/p>\n<p>En aquest estudi es van incloure m\u00e9s de <strong>3600 pacients<\/strong>, dels quals 1600 formaven part d\u2019un programa de cribratge de c\u00e0ncer colorectal a trav\u00e9s de la detecci\u00f3 de sang oculta en la femta. Els pacients provinents del programa es van dividir en dos grups, els que tenien el c\u00f2lon sa o tenien lesions de baix risc, i els que ja es trobaven en estadis m\u00e9s avan\u00e7ats, amb lesions d\u2019alt risc o c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n<p>Els investigadors van estudiar les variants gen\u00e8tiques d\u2019aquests dos grups tot cercant patrons que definissin cada un d\u2019ells. Tot i que tenir un major nombre de variants gen\u00e8tiques es va associar amb un major risc de patir lesions avan\u00e7ades o c\u00e0ncer colorectal, els patrons de variants d\u2019ambd\u00f3s grups no permetien distingir els pacients amb lesions avan\u00e7ades o c\u00e0ncer amb la precisi\u00f3 adequada, i tampoc servien com a ajuda a l\u2019hora de prendre una decisi\u00f3 cl\u00ednica despr\u00e9s d\u2019un resultat positiu de la prova de sang oculta en femta. L\u2019estudi va analitzar <strong>137 variants gen\u00e8tiques relacionades amb el c\u00e0ncer colorectal<\/strong>, per\u00f2 encara en queden moltes per descobrir i \u00e9s possible que si s\u2019analitzen m\u00e9s es pugui definir millor la susceptibilitat gen\u00e8tica i utilitzar-la per millorar la detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019Institut d&#8217;Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) \u00e9s un centre de recerca en biomedicina creat l\u2019any 2004. Est\u00e0 participat per l&#8217;Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i l\u2019Hospital de Viladecans de l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 d&#8217;Oncologia, la Universitat de Barcelona i l\u2019Ajuntament de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s membre del Campus d&#8217;Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Internacional de la Universitat de Barcelona HUBc i forma part de la instituci\u00f3 CERCA de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L&#8217;any 2009 es va convertir en un dels cinc primers centres d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 espanyols acreditats com a institut d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sanit\u00e0ria per l\u2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A m\u00e9s, forma part del programa \u201cHR Excellence in Research\u201d de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i \u00e9s membre de EATRIS i REGIC. Des de l\u2019any 2018, l\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s un Centro Acreditado de la Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica AECC (FCAECC).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un estudi de l\u2019IDIBELL i l\u2019ICO determina que el conjunt de variants gen\u00e8tiques t\u00e9 un paper important en la via evolutiva del c\u00e0ncer colorectal. Malgrat aix\u00f2, encara \u00e9s massa aviat per utilitzar-les com a eina \u00fanica de cribratge i detecci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 del c\u00e0ncer colorectal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":19411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[332,375,447],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cancer","category-colorectal","category-p-de-mecanismes-molelculars-i-terapia-experimental-en-oncologia-oncobell"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-12-25 10:07:58","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19410"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19413,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19410\/revisions\/19413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}