{"id":16212,"date":"2021-01-12T09:30:19","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T08:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/?p=16212"},"modified":"2021-01-12T09:31:02","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T08:31:02","slug":"identificades-vulnerabilitats-clau-del-cancer-mitjancant-analisi-big-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2021\/01\/identificades-vulnerabilitats-clau-del-cancer-mitjancant-analisi-big-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Identificades vulnerabilitats clau del c\u00e0ncer mitjan\u00e7ant an\u00e0lisi Big Data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un mateix tumor, o incl\u00fas una mateixa c\u00e8l\u00b7lula tumoral, pot presentar m\u00faltiples alteracions del genoma a la vegada: mutacions puntuals, reordenaments, p\u00e8rdues o guanys de fragments concrets, entre d&#8217;altres. Entendre com aquestes alteracions determinen quins gens i quins no s&#8217;expressaran en un tumor concret, el que els investigadors anomenen \u201c<strong>identitat transcripcional<\/strong>\u201d, \u00e9s clau per definir les caracter\u00edstiques del tumor, com per exemple, el seu estat de diferenciaci\u00f3, la seva capacitat de generar met\u00e0stasi, o d&#8217;esquivar el sistema immunitari. En \u00faltima inst\u00e0ncia, con\u00e8ixer b\u00e9 les caracter\u00edstiques d&#8217;un tumor \u00e9s el que ens ajudar\u00e0 a identificar les seves vulnerabilitats i poder atacar-les a trav\u00e9s del tractament m\u00e9s adient.<\/p>\n<p>Un equip de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/\">Universitat de Columbia<\/a> de Nova York, amb la participaci\u00f3 del <strong>Dr. Alv\u00e1ro Ayt\u00e9s<\/strong>, primer firmant de l\u2019estudi i investigador i cap de grup de l&#8217;Institut d&#8217;Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (<a href=\"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/recerca\/area-de-cancer\/programa-de-mecanismes-molleculars-i-terapia-experimental-en-oncologia-oncobell\/mecanismes-de-resistencia-i-progressio-en-el-cancer-de-prostata\/\">IDIBELL<\/a>) i de l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 d&#8217;Oncologia (<a href=\"http:\/\/ico.gencat.cat\/ca\/inici\/index.html\">ICO<\/a>), ha analitzat, a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;algoritmes computacionals, les dades gen\u00f2miques de <strong>10.000 tumors<\/strong> dels <strong>20 c\u00e0ncers<\/strong> m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents. L&#8217;objectiu de l&#8217;estudi era identificar les prote\u00efnes reguladores responsables de canalitzar la informaci\u00f3 provinent de les alteracions gen\u00f2miques i transformar-la en la identitat transcripcional pr\u00f2pies del c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;estudi, publicat a la revista <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell\/fulltext\/S0092-8674(20)31617-2\"><em>Cell<\/em><\/a>, ha identificat fins a <strong>112 subtipus de tumors<\/strong> definits per 407 d\u2019aquestes prote\u00efnes reguladores que canalitzen la informaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, l&#8217;an\u00e0lisi ha posat en evid\u00e8ncia que els 112 subtipus tumorals es poden catalogar a partir del grau d&#8217;activaci\u00f3\/inactivaci\u00f3 de nom\u00e9s <strong>24 grups de prote\u00efnes reguladores<\/strong>, o el que \u00e9s el mateix, la combinaci\u00f3 de 24 caracter\u00edstiques fonamentals de c\u00e0ncer. Con\u00e8ixer quines s\u00f3n les caracter\u00edstiques fonamentals que presenta un c\u00e0ncer concret ens pot ajudar a fer una previsi\u00f3 molt fiable del pron\u00f2stic d&#8217;aquell pacient.<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>Dr. Ayt\u00e9s<\/strong> afirma que &#8220;<em>aquests resultats mostren el control jer\u00e0rquic de les propietats que caracteritzen cada tumor<\/em>&#8220;, i afegeix, &#8220;<em>El grau d\u2019activaci\u00f3 o inactivaci\u00f3 de cadascuna de les 24 prote\u00efnes reguladores identificades defineix la identitat transcripcional dels tumors, facilitant-ne el seu coneixement i abordatge terap\u00e8utic<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>Dr. Andrea Califano<\/strong>, cap del <a href=\"https:\/\/systemsbiology.columbia.edu\/faculty\/andrea-califano\">Departament de Biologia de Sistemes<\/a> de la Universitat de Columbia, i l\u00edder d&#8217;aquest treball, afirma que &#8220;<em>fins ara en la medicina personalitzada analitz\u00e0vem quin entre milers de gens causava una malaltia i esper\u00e0vem que hi hagu\u00e9s un f\u00e0rmac que actu\u00e9s contra aquest<\/em>&#8220;. Per\u00f2 afegeix, &#8220;<em>aquest estudi suggereix que en lloc de necessitar un f\u00e0rmac per a cada gen podr\u00edem treballar amb un nombre redu\u00eft de f\u00e0rmacs que actu\u00e9ssim sobre els 24 m\u00f2duls definits<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Els investigadors han validat alguna de les caracter\u00edstiques fonamentals descrites en c\u00e0ncers de pr\u00f2stata o rony\u00f3, entre d&#8217;altres. I mitjan\u00e7ant t\u00e8cniques d&#8217;edici\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica i tractaments farmacol\u00f2gics han demostrat que les prediccions fetes a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;algoritmes es complien en els assajos amb <strong>models experimentals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Finalment, cal destacar que tota la informaci\u00f3 i models matem\u00e0tics extrets d&#8217;aquest estudi s&#8217;han posat immediatament a l&#8217;abast de la comunitat cient\u00edfica mitjan\u00e7ant una <strong>aplicaci\u00f3 web<\/strong>. D&#8217;aquesta manera, els investigadors que ho vulguin podran analitzar les dades gen\u00f2miques dels tumors dels seus pacients amb aquests nous models.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019Institut d&#8217;Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) \u00e9s un centre de recerca en biomedicina creat l\u2019any 2004. Est\u00e0 participat per l&#8217;Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge i l\u2019Hospital de Viladecans de l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, l&#8217;Institut Catal\u00e0 d&#8217;Oncologia, la Universitat de Barcelona i l\u2019Ajuntament de l\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>L\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s membre del Campus d&#8217;Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Internacional de la Universitat de Barcelona HUBc i forma part de la instituci\u00f3 CERCA de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L&#8217;any 2009 es va convertir en un dels cinc primers centres d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 espanyols acreditats com a institut d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 sanit\u00e0ria per l\u2019Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A m\u00e9s, forma part del programa \u201cHR Excellence in Research\u201d de la Uni\u00f3 Europea i \u00e9s membre de EATRIS i REGIC. Des de l\u2019any 2018, l\u2019IDIBELL \u00e9s un Centro Acreditado de la Fundaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica AECC (FCAECC).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019estudi liderat per la Universitat de Columbia, amb participaci\u00f3 de l\u2019IDIBELL i de l\u2019ICO, ha analitzat milers de tumors i ha trobat que els programes gen\u00e8tics claus per mantenir la superviv\u00e8ncia de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals estan controlats per 24 m\u00f2duls, cadascun dels quals determinat per un grapat de gens treballant en sintonia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":16213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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