{"id":13237,"date":"2020-06-25T09:26:10","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T07:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/?p=13237"},"modified":"2020-06-25T16:21:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T14:21:30","slug":"identificats-gens-que-predisposen-al-cancer-impedint-la-funcio-protectora-del-sistema-immunitari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/2020\/06\/identificats-gens-que-predisposen-al-cancer-impedint-la-funcio-protectora-del-sistema-immunitari\/","title":{"rendered":"Identificats gens que predisposen al c\u00e0ncer impedint la funci\u00f3 protectora del sistema immunitari"},"content":{"rendered":"

La idea que el sistema immunitari \u201cvigila i impedeix\u201d el desenvolupament del c\u00e0ncer, el que s\u2019anomena \u201cimmunovigil\u00e0ncia del c\u00e0ncer\u201d, va ser inicialment proposat a inicis del segle passat. Des de llavors, estudis epidemiol\u00f2gics han demostrat que la inhibici\u00f3 del sistema immunitari incrementa el risc de patir c\u00e0ncer, tanmateix, les bases moleculars d\u2019aquest proc\u00e9s no es coneixen en profunditat. Ara, un estudi realitzat per un consorci internacional, liderat pel programa ProCURE de l\u2019Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia (ICO<\/a>), i el programa OncoBell de l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL<\/a>), ha identificat les variants gen\u00e8tiques que predisposen a patir c\u00e0ncer i que al mateix temps representen una alteraci\u00f3 del sistema immunitari. Per fer-ho, han analitzat 17 tipus de c\u00e0ncer, i en 13 d\u2019ells han trobat fins a 57 variants gen\u00e8tiques que predisposen a desenvolupar c\u00e0ncer a la vegada que afecten a les defenses de l\u2019organisme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article, publicat en la revista iScience<\/em><\/a>, de l\u2019editorial Cell Press<\/em>, suposa un pas endavant en la comprensi\u00f3 de les bases biol\u00f2giques que inicien el c\u00e0ncer i obren la porta a futurs an\u00e0lisis de risc, a m\u00e9s, permet pensar en noves estrat\u00e8gies per a pervenir-ho.<\/p>\n

\u201cEls resultats suggereixen que el risc de desenvolupar c\u00e0ncer pot explicar-se, en part, per alteracions en el nombre de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules immunol\u00f2giques\u201d afirma el Dr. Miquel Pujana, l\u00edder del projecte i investigador del programa ProCURE de l\u2019ICO i Oncobell de l\u2019IDIBELL. \u201cSi coneixem l\u2019efecte que aquestes variants gen\u00e8tiques tenen sobre el sistema immunitari, podem dissenyar noves estrat\u00e8gies de prevenci\u00f3<\/strong>, per a pacients amb alt risc de patir c\u00e0ncer, que consisteixin en la modulaci\u00f3 de funcions espec\u00edfiques de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules del sistema immunitari\u201d, afegeix Pujana.<\/p>\n

Una de les connexions concretes identificades en aquest estudi \u00e9s la relaci\u00f3 entre l\u2019alteraci\u00f3 de la funci\u00f3 del gen SH2B3, una prote\u00efna limfocit\u00e0ria, i el risc de patir c\u00e0ncer de mama<\/strong>, especialment en dones amb un alt risc de patir aquest tipus de c\u00e0ncer per mutacions en els gens BRCA1 i BRCA2. Estudis histoqu\u00edmics corroboren aquest fet, ja que l\u2019alteraci\u00f3 del gen SH2B3 est\u00e0 relacionada amb una menor infiltraci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules immunit\u00e0ries en el teixit tumoral, punt clau per a exercir la seva funci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Per altra banda, en presencia d\u2019aquesta variant, tamb\u00e9 hi ha menys limf\u00f2cits a la sang perif\u00e8rica i est\u00e0 relacionada amb un diagn\u00f2stic del c\u00e0ncer en edats m\u00e9s joves. \u201cAquests indicis ens porten a pensar que la correcta funci\u00f3 del gen SH2B3 \u00e9s determinant per la protecci\u00f3 del c\u00e0ncer en dones portadores de mutacions de BRCA1\/2 i que, quan aquesta es troba afectada, la inducci\u00f3 farmacol\u00f2gica del gen SH2B3 podria reduir el risc de c\u00e0ncer\u201d explica Pujana.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El sistema immunitari en el desenvolupament del c\u00e0ncer<\/h3>\n

El sistema immunitari, que reconeix els microorganismes estranys com a “no-mateixos” i proporciona una resposta per destruir aquests agents causants de malalties, juga un paper similar a la protecci\u00f3 del cos contra les malignitats. L\u2019ADN danyat a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules cancer\u00edgenes acaba induint la producci\u00f3 de prote\u00efnes anormals conegudes com a ant\u00edgens tumorals. Aquestes prote\u00efnes tumorals anormals marquen les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses com a \u201cno-mateixes\u201d. El sistema immunitari probablement es capa\u00e7 de trobar i eliminar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses, tot i aix\u00ed, \u00e9s evident que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses tenen mecanismes que els permeten escapar de les respostes immunes que habitualment impedeixen el desenvolupament de tumors malignes. Quan el sistema immunitari perd la seva funci\u00f3 de vigil\u00e0ncia, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals tenen la capacitat de formar un tumor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El paper dels pacients en la recerca i millora de la salut<\/h3>\n

Aquest estudi ha sigut possible gr\u00e0cies al suport de diverses associacions de pacients a Catalunya en vers l\u2019IDIBELL i l\u2019ICO, especialment les associacions Viladecans Contra el C\u00e0ncer, Associaci\u00f3 de Dones Afectades de C\u00e0ncer de Mama (DACMA, Sant Joan Desp\u00ed), Associaci\u00f3 d\u2019Afectats de C\u00e0ncer GINKGO (Bergued\u00e0), i la jornada solid\u00e0ria Sosciathlon.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Consorci internacional:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Universitat de Cambridge, Regne Unit.<\/li>\n
  • Centre d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 del C\u00e0ncer \u201cPrincess Margaret\u201d, Canad\u00e0.<\/li>\n
  • Institut QIMR Berghofer de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica, Brisbane, Austr\u00e0lia.<\/li>\n
  • Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol)<\/li>\n
  • Projecte GCAT, Genomes per la Vida, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias y Pujol (IGTP).<\/li>\n
  • Centre Nacional d\u2019An\u00e0lisis Gen\u00f2mics (CNAG-CRG).<\/li>\n
  • \u00c0rea de Bioinform\u00e0tica Cl\u00ednica, Fundaci\u00f3 Salud y Progreso, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L\u2019estudi mostra que l\u2019afectaci\u00f3 de certs gens que predisposen al c\u00e0ncer tamb\u00e9 afecten el sistema immunitari, el que podria facilitar el creixement tumoral.
    \nEn el cas concret del c\u00e0ncer de mama, l\u2019afectaci\u00f3 del gen SH2B3, corresponent a una prote\u00efna limfocit\u00e0ria, augmenta la predisposici\u00f3 a desenvolupar c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":13255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[332,390,447,452],"tags":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2024-05-09 14:47:53","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13237\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idibell.cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}