La complicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s grave que puede sufrir una persona poco despu\u00e9s de recibir un trasplante de coraz\u00f3n es el fallo primario del injerto, responsable de un 30% de las muertes en el primer mes posterior a la intervenci\u00f3n. Para tratar este fallo, el paciente debe ser conectado a una asistencia mec\u00e1nica circulatoria y respiratoria, la membrana de oxigenaci\u00f3n extracorp\u00f3rea venoarterial (ECMO-VA), que sustituye de forma transitoria sus funciones card\u00edaca y pulmonar. Para aplicar el ECMO-VA se utilizan unas c\u00e1nulas de poliuretano que permiten establecer el circuito para la circulaci\u00f3n de la sangre y su oxigenaci\u00f3n extracorp\u00f3rea. El procedimiento de canulaci\u00f3n puede ser perif\u00e9rico, por la arteria y vena femoral, o central, por la aur\u00edcula derecha y aorta, seg\u00fan el acceso quir\u00fargico.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Un estudio multic\u00e9ntrico que ha liderado el grupo Bioheart<\/a> del Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge (HUB) y el IDIBELL constata que los pacientes a quienes se aplica la canulaci\u00f3n perif\u00e9rica en el ECMO-VA registran, a los tres meses de la intervenci\u00f3n, una supervivencia superior en un 20% a quienes reciben la canulaci\u00f3n central. El trabajo ha sido publicado en The Journal of Heart and Lung Trasplantation<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n El estudio se ha llevado a cabo a partir del an\u00e1lisis retrospectivo de 2.376 trasplantes card\u00edacos realizados entre 2010 y 2020 en 14 hospitales de todo el Estado que han participado en el Registro Espa\u00f1ol del Trasplante Card\u00edaco. Adem\u00e1s de las diferencias entre la canulaci\u00f3n central y la perif\u00e9rica, tambi\u00e9n se han analizado los posibles beneficios del soporte con ECMO-VA precoz (menos de 3 horas despu\u00e9s del trasplante) frente al m\u00e1s tard\u00edo (m\u00e1s de 3 horas despu\u00e9s) en los casos de quiebra primaria del injerto, sin que se hayan encontrado diferencias significativas.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cAunque algunos trabajos previos suger\u00edan que la implantaci\u00f3n precoz pod\u00eda mejorar el pron\u00f3stico de los pacientes con fallo primario del injerto, una de las principales conclusiones de nuestro estudio es que no existen diferencias significativas entre el inicio precoz y el diferido, mientras que la canulaci\u00f3n perif\u00e9rica frente a la central s\u00ed muestra claros beneficios\u201d, seg\u00fan explica el dr. Jos\u00e9 Gonz\u00e1lez Costello, coordinador de la Unidad de Insuficiencia Card\u00edaca del Servicio de Cardiolog\u00eda del HUB, miembro del grupo Bio-Heart del IDIBELL<\/a>, e investigador principal de este estudio.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" El grupo Bioheart ha realizado un an\u00e1lisis retrospectivo de 2.376 trasplantes card\u00edacos realizados en 14 hospitales de todo el Estado y ha descubierto que la elecci\u00f3n entre la canulaci\u00f3n perif\u00e9rica o central para la colocaci\u00f3n del ECMO-Venoarterial determina una mejora de la supervivencia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":22902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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