El v\u00ednculo entre humanos y perros es fuerte y antiguo. Desde ser el protector de los primeros reba\u00f1os en un fiel animal de compa\u00f1\u00eda, perros y personas compartimos muchos aspectos de la vida. La relaci\u00f3n entre ambas especies ha sido estudiada por psic\u00f3logos, antrop\u00f3logos, et\u00f3logos y tambi\u00e9n por gen\u00e9ticos y bi\u00f3logos moleculares. En este sentido, los perros son un gran modelo para entender las causas de las enfermedades humanas, especialmente el c\u00e1ncer.
A diferencia de otros mam\u00edferos utilizados en investigaci\u00f3n, los perros desarrollan c\u00e1ncer espont\u00e1neamente como los humanos y es la causa m\u00e1s frecuente de muerte en esta especie. El genoma del perro se ha obtenido en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, pero desconocemos a\u00fan c\u00f3mo se controla y regula, lo que denominamos el epigenoma.
Esta semana el equipo dirigido por Manel Esteller, director del Programa de Epigen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda del C\u00e1ncer (PEBC) del Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), profesor de Gen\u00e9tica de la Universidad de Barcelona e Investigador ICREA, ha caracterizado el epigenoma del perro y trasladado los resultados al c\u00e1ncer humano para entender los cambios de aspecto que sufren los tumores. El hallazgo se publica esta semana en la revista Cancer Research.
\u00abHemos caracterizado el epigenoma a nivel de cada nucle\u00f3tido del ADN de c\u00e9lulas procedentes de la especie cocker spaniel. En estas c\u00e9lulas caninas hemos inducido un cambio morfol\u00f3gico similar a lo que sucede en la progresi\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer y hemos visto que aparecen alteraciones importantes en la modulaci\u00f3n de los genes, las llamadas lesiones epigen\u00e9ticas\u201d comenta Manel Esteller.
\u00abLo m\u00e1s interesante es que cuando hemos mirado los mismos genes del perro en c\u00e1ncer de mama humano, las aberraciones epigen\u00e9ticas suceden en las mismas regiones del ADN. Los datos indican la existencia de mecanismos epigen\u00e9ticos comunes en ambas especies que han sido conservados evolutivamente para cambiar la forma y consistencia de nuestras c\u00e9lulas y tejidos\u201d concluye el investigador.
Los resultados del estudio sugieren que actuar farmacol\u00f3gicamente sobre estas alteraciones epigen\u00e9ticas podr\u00eda ser \u00fatil para frenar la progresi\u00f3n de la enfermedad.
A Comprehensive DNA Methylation Profile of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.Carmona FJ, Davalos V, Vidal I, Gomez A, Heyn H, Hashimoto Y, Vizoso M, Martinez-Cardus A, Sayols S, Ferreira H, Sanchez-Mut J, Moran S, Margeli M, Castilla Y, Berdasco M, Stefansson OA, Eyfjord JE, Gonzalez-Suarez Y, Dopazo J, Orozco M, Gut Y, Esteller M. Cancer Research, 2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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