The epicardium is the outermost tissue layer of the heart. The epicardium forms from the proepicardium (PE), i.e. the transient extracardiac structure that contains epicardial progenitors. The (pro)epicardial cell lineage, via cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, is crucial for proper cardiac formation. Most importantly, the embryonic epicardium seeds the heart with fibroblast cells that will play key roles in the pathologic response of the adult heart to adverse and pathologic conditions. However, our knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating epicardial progenitor cell conversion into primitive epicardial cells, and then to mesenchymal epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs), is very limited. In this talk we will provide new data on the embryonic formation of these cell progenitor cells as well as on the relation these events have with reparative responses in the diseased heart.<\/p>\n
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