Epidemiological studies to identify causes of cancer have tended to focus on individual-level exposures that can be measured by a questionnaire or anthropometric measurements. While this approach has successfully identified some risk factors for certain cancers, it is limited in its ability to identify environmental and endogenous exposures, as well as potential exposures that may predate disease by many years or even decades. Recent developments in the fields of exposomics, proteomics, and genomic epidemiology are, however, enabling the study of a broader range of exposures than previously possible. These novel approaches, as well as shedding light into the diverse biological mechanisms contributing to cancer initiation and progression, can also identify potential biomarkers for cancer risk and early cancer detection. In this presentation I will discuss what is currently understood regarding environmental and endogenous causes of specific cancers that exhibit wide variation in incidence rates across Europe and will describe newly-funded projects through the EU Cancer Mission and Cancer Grand Challenges focused on discovering new causes of cancer.<\/p>\n
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