Errors leading to cell death during early embryogenesis are the main cause of human preimplantation developmental failures. How the embryo copes with apoptotic cells before the differentiation of professional phagocytes that remove cell debris is still unknown. In my recent research, I have identified a program for apoptotic clearance in the early vertebrate embryo performed by the surface epithelium, the first tissue that differentiates during development. Using quantitative live imaging and transcriptome analysis of zebrafish and mouse embryos combined with mathematical modelling, I found that epithelial cells function as efficient and sensitive phagocytes. The epithelial cells establish a mechanical cooperation between cellular protrusions, extending the spatial operational range of these sessile phagocytic cells. These findings identify a new role for embryonic epithelial cells in the protection of the internal stem cells, showing the presence of immune functions at the earliest stages of embryonic development.<\/p>\n
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